I'm not sure how you go from here to "-Z must not work on stable". Most, if not all of the -Z flags, and certainly those people seem to care about in this thread, do not affect whether or how your code builds at all! They are merely diagnostic tools used during development. I really don't see how having those available would creates de-facto unwanted ecosystem stability.
I'm thinking more along the lines of if it compiles with -Z, it will compile without.
So here's the thing. I think I would be in favor of making a stable set of debuginfo switches with explicitly unstable output, much as we did with --emit mir. I would (as with MIR) include some text in the output itself warning that this info is intended for human readers and may go away, and then we can just package up the things we have now. If in the future we decide to remove one of these options, we'll just change the output to describe the new option that can be used instead. We're basically just blocked on somebody making PRs -- maybe we want a grouping for this, sort of like --debug XXX?
This feature is available in GCC, Clang, etc under the name -fsyntax-only. Command line compatibility with C compilers is not a priority feature for rustc (after all, many of the knobs you need for C don't even make sense in Rust), but it sure would make my fingers happy if this particular mode were stabilized under the name they already know it by.