This issue is also being tracked over at https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/13180. The main site has HTTPS problems because it’s hosted on GitHub Pages, whereas the subdomains point at other services.
The good news is that with CloudFlare, we can use our SSL cert to encrypt the connection between the user and CloudFlare, which will eliminate the symptom you complained about.
The bad news is that as long as we’re on GitHub Pages with a custom domain, we can’t encrypt the connection between CloudFlare and GitHub. So setting up CloudFlare will give users an illusion of security that’s only partially accurate.
In the short term, I have setting up CloudFlare on my todo list, which will make https://www.rust-lang.org usable and address the threat model of an attacker between the user and CloudFlare’s servers.
In the longer term, GitHub Pages might improve its HTTPS support or we might move the site onto our own hosting. However, the difficulty of intercepting traffic between GitHub and CloudFlare makes moving the site off of GitHub Pages a less pressing concern than many of our other infrastructure problems.